Chinese President Xi Jinping urged EU European Union leaders to manage bilateral tensions through dialogue and mutual respect, calling for the “proper handling of frictions” during a high-stakes summit in Beijing that underscored the widening fault lines between the world’s second-largest economy and its largest trading bloc.
The meeting — attended by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Charles Michel — was dominated by disagreements over trade imbalances, market access, and China’s perceived support for Russia amid the ongoing war in Ukraine.
In his opening remarks, Xi struck a conciliatory tone, stating that “differences are natural between major partners” but should be addressed “through cooperation, not confrontation.” He called for renewed commitment to a “comprehensive strategic partnership” while acknowledging the need to “appropriately manage divergences” in a way that safeguards global stability.
Stark Divisions on Trade and Geopolitics
Despite the diplomatic language, EU officials pressed Xi on a range of contentious issues, including Beijing’s growing trade surplus with Europe, barriers to foreign firms operating in China, and allegations of industrial overcapacity — particularly in electric vehicles, steel, and solar technology — which European manufacturers argue is distorting global markets.
The EU has opened several anti-subsidy investigations into Chinese products, and Brussels has signaled it may pursue more assertive industrial policy tools to counter what it sees as unfair competitive practices. Von der Leyen reiterated that the EU seeks “a level playing field, not decoupling,” but emphasized the bloc’s readiness to defend its economic interests.
Geopolitical tensions also loomed large. European leaders reiterated their concerns about China’s continued diplomatic and economic ties with Moscow, warning that any material support for Russia’s defense sector would be viewed as undermining international sanctions and contributing to instability in Europe.
Privately, EU diplomats described the summit as “constructive but candid,” with both sides recognizing the deteriorating trust but acknowledging the high stakes involved in preserving dialogue.
Strategic Calculations on Both Sides
For Beijing, the summit comes at a time of mounting external pressure and slower-than-expected economic recovery. With the U.S. intensifying export controls and alliances in the Indo-Pacific, China is seeking to stabilize relations with Brussels to prevent further alignment between the EU and Washington on strategic technology and security issues.
From the European perspective, leaders are recalibrating their China strategy to reduce critical dependencies — particularly in clean tech, rare earths, and pharmaceuticals — while maintaining economic engagement where possible. The summit reflected this evolving stance, often described as “de-risking, not disengaging.”
“The EU is trying to walk a fine line between economic pragmatism and geopolitical caution,” said Dr. Felix Baumann, a senior analyst at the European Policy Centre. “Xi’s remarks signal that China wants to keep the relationship intact, but core tensions — from trade imbalances to values-based diplomacy — remain unresolved.”
Outlook
No major agreements were reached during the summit, though both sides committed to continuing high-level dialogues on trade, human rights, and climate cooperation in the months ahead. Analysts say the outcome reflects a complex, competitive relationship that neither side is willing — or able — to fully sever.
With European elections looming in 2026 and China’s domestic challenges deepening, the path forward will depend less on rhetoric and more on concrete steps toward greater transparency, reciprocity, and geopolitical restraint.
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